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This retrospective study in 61 cats with malignant lymphomas examined the efficacy of a well-established chemotherapy protocol (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone [COP]) in the Netherlands, a country with a low prevalence of feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Twenty-two cats (36.1%) had mediastinal lymphoma, 11 (18.0%) had alimentary lymphoma, 7 (11.5%) had peripheral lymphoma, 8 (13.1%) had nasal lymphoma, and 13 (21.3%) had miscellaneous lymphoma (including renal lymphoma in 2 [3.3%]). Of the 54 cats that were tested, only 4 (7.4%) were FeLV positive. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 46 of the 61 cats (75.4%). The estimated 1- and 2-year disease-free periods (DFPs) in the 46 cats with CR were 51.4 and 37.8%, respectively, whereas the median duration of remission was 251 days. The overall estimated 1-year survival rate in all cats was 48.7%, and the 2-year survival rate was 39.9%, with a median survival of 266 days. The median survival time and the 1-year survival rate for mediastinal lymphoma were 262 days and 49.4%. respectively. Siamese cats had a more favorable prognosis for survival and remission than other breeds. Response to therapy in this study was shown to be a significant prognostic indicator. CR is necessary for long-term survival. Cats that did not achieve CR had little chance of survival for longer than I year. Young Siamese cats in this study had a greater tendency to develop mediastinal malignant lymphoma at a young age, and all were FeLV negative. In comparison with results reported in other studies with different combination chemotherapy protocols, these are among the highest percentages of remission and the longest survival rates for cats with malignant lymphoma.
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Pred-X tablets 20mg contain prednisolone, which is corticosteroid hormone and is a synthetic derivative of the natural glucocorticoid cortisol. Prednisolone is the active metabolite of prednisone and can be converted from prednisone into prednisolone in the liver. Prednisolone in Pred-X 20 acts directly through the glucocorticoid receptor that is expressed inside most cells of the body and regulates transcription of specific genes that control many aspects of development, metabolism and the immune response. Prednisolone in Pred-X 20 has potent anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-rheumatic and immunosuppressant properties and has widespread effects acting on most tissues in the body to modify, glucose, fat, protein and calcium metabolism. The major therapeutic actions of prednisolone are to reduce the vascular (blood vessels) and cellular inflammatory response primarily by blocking the production of inflammatory chemicals, like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, from inflammatory cells to reduce the swelling, redness and pain associated with inflammation; to modify the actions of cells involved in the allergic response, and to suppress the immune system to prevent rejection following organ transplant. Prednisolone in Pred-X 20 also has anti-cancer properties and can prevent growth of certain tumours like mast cell cancers and lymphosarcoma.
Pred-X tablets 20mg contain prednisolone, which is a corticosteroid hormone and is a synthetic derivative of the natural glucocorticoid cortisol, with potent anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-rheumatic and immunosuppressant properties. Pred-X 20 is used in a wide range of inflammatory disorders, to suppress clinical symptoms of the disease where inflammation is caused by many different factors. For example, where the immune system is overactive, like severe asthma, acute outbreaks of eczema and severe allergies; autoimmune diseases, where the immune system is directed against self, like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus or Crohn's disease. The anti-inflammatory actions of prednisolone in Pred-X tablets 20mg are to block the production of inflammatory chemicals, like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, from inflammatory cells which reduces the swelling, redness and pain associated with inflammation.
Prednisolone Oral Solution may be given early in the treatment of acute asthma attacks in children. For children over 5 years use a dose of 30-40mg (3-4ml) prednisolone. For children aged 2-5 years use a dose of 20mg (2ml) prednisolone. Those already receiving maintenance steroid tablets should receive 2mg/kg prednisolone up to a maximum dose of 60mg (6ml). The dose of prednisolone may be repeated for children who vomit; but intravenous steroids should be considered in children who are unable to retain orally ingested medication. Treatment for up to three days is usually sufficient, but the length of course should be tailored to the number of days necessary to bring about recovery. There is no need to taper the dose at the end of treatment.
In patients who have received more than physiological doses of systemic corticosteroids (approximately 7.5mg prednisolone or equivalent) for greater than three weeks, withdrawal should not be abrupt. How dose reduction should be carried out depends largely on whether the disease is likely to relapse as the dose of systemic corticosteroids is reduced. Clinical assessment of disease activity may be needed during withdrawal. If the disease is unlikely to relapse on withdrawal of systemic corticosteroids but there is uncertainty about HPA suppression, the dose of systemic corticosteroid may be reduced rapidly to physiological doses. Once a daily dose equivalent to 7.5mg (0.75ml) prednisolone is reached, dose reduction should be slower to allow the HPA axis to recover.
Abrupt withdrawal of systemic corticosteroid treatment, which has continued up to three weeks is appropriate if it is considered that the disease is unlikely to relapse. Abrupt withdrawal of doses of up to 40mg daily of prednisolone or equivalent for three weeks is unlikely to lead to clinically relevant HPA axis suppression, in the majority of patients. In the following patient groups, gradual withdrawal of systemic corticosteroid therapy should be considered even after courses lasting three weeks or less:
It also contains 3mg of sodium per 1ml of oral solution (10mg prednisolone) and 30mg sodium per 10ml of oral solution (100mg prednisolone). To be taken into consideration by patients on a controlled sodium diet.
Caution is required in patients with systemic sclerosis because of an increased incidence of (possibly fatal) scleroderma renal crisis with hypertension and decreased urinary output observed with a daily dose of 15 mg or more prednisolone. Blood pressure and renal function (s-creatinine) should therefore be routinely checked. When renal crisis is suspected, blood pressure should be carefully controlled.
Corticosteroids are excreted in small amounts in breast milk. However doses of up to 40mg daily of prednisolone are unlikely to cause systemic effects in the infant. Infants of mothers taking higher doses than this may have a degree of adrenal suppression but the benefits of breast-feeding are likely to outweigh any theoretical risk.
Prednisolone Oral Solution contains the equivalent of 10mg of prednisolone in the form of prednisolone sodium phosphate. Prednisolone sodium phosphate is a synthetic glucocorticoid with the same general properties as prednisolone itself and other compounds classified as corticosteroids. Prednisolone is four times as active as hydrocortisone on a weight for weight basis.
Prednisolone is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with peak plasma concentrations achieved by 1-2 hours after an oral dose. Plasma prednisolone is mainly protein bound (70-90%), with binding to albumin and corticosteroid-binding globulin. The plasma half-life of prednisolone, after a single dose, is between 2.5-3.5 hours.
The volume of distribution and clearance of total and unbound prednisolone are concentration dependent, and this has been attributed to saturable protein binding over the therapeutic plasma concentration range.
Prednisone and Prednisolone are corticosteroid drugs commonly used to treat allergies, inflammations, autoimmune diseases, and cancers when the underlying cause cannot be treated or prevented in dogs and cats. Prednisone is converted to prednisolone in dogs, but not as well in cats, therefore Prednisolone is preferred in cats.
There are a number of drugs available to control inflammation and suppress the immune system in animals and people. Among the most prominent of these are prednisone and prednisolone. These drugs belong to a class of drugs known as glucocorticoids, because they are related to cortisone, and they contain glucose in their molecules. These drugs are also related to the steroid hormones normally produced by the adrenal gland.
The effects of glucocorticoids can be observed in every organ system and these drugs should not be used except when necessary. Prednisone is rapidly converted in the liver to prednisolone. Except in cases of severe liver disease, the drugs are considered the same (equivalent). Prednisone/prednisolone are anti-inflammatory drugs, which reduce the swelling, pain, and redness associated with inflammation.
Doses of prednisone and prednisolone in dogs and cats vary widely depending on the reason for prescribing. The goal of dosing prednisone and prednisolone is to use what is needed for the shortest period of time possible.
In both dogs and cats, anti-inflammatory doses range from 0.1 to 0.3 milligram per pound (0.2 to 0.6 milligram/kilogram) up to twice daily. Immunosuppressive doses range from 1 to 3 milligram per pound (2 to 6 milligram/kilogram) up to three times daily. Doses for treating other diseases range between 0.1 to 3 milligrams per pound (0.2 to 6 milligrams/kilogram).
You want to be cautious and well-informed about medications in all cases, but this is especially important when you are dealing with cats. They trust you with everything, and you will need to make decisions for your cats when their health is struggling. With the advice of your cat's veterinarian in mind, it is essential to gather as much information as possible before you start them on a medication intended to help them feel better. This is especially true for Prednisolone. 041b061a72